Kihon-waza

Karasukai

Stavanger, Norway

KATAME-WAZA

固技

Pins and joint locks - initial unbalancing forms

Ikkyo (ikkajo)

"1st principle"

Ude-osae (arm pin).

Kote-osae 小手押さえ (forearm pin).

Ude-hishigi 腕挫 (arm smashing) ude-gatame 腕固 (arm lock)

aka Hiji-kime-osae 肘極め押さえ (elbow arm-barring pin).

KIHON-WAZA

Basic techniques overview

Nikkyo (nikajo)

"2nd principle"

Kote-mawashi (forearm turn) with Z-lock.

Sankyo (sankajo)

"3rd principle"

Kote-hineri (forearm twist).

Yonkyo (yonkajo)

"4th principle"

Kote-osae (forearm pin).

Gokyo (gokajo)

"5th principle"

Ude-nobashi ("arm extending").

A variation of "ikkyo".

Kote-gaeshi

小手返し (forearm return)

Aka Kote-oroshi

小手下ろし (take forearm down).

Shiho-nage

(四方投げ lit. "four directions throw";

四方 idiomatic: "all directions")

Aka Gyaku kote-gaeshi

逆小手返し (reverse forearm return).

KOKYUNAGE-WAZA

呼吸投げ (lit. "breath throw")

cf. Aiki-waza in Daito-ryu aikijujutsu.

Projections

Irimi

入身 (entering)

Aka Kokyunage,

aka Kokyunage irimi,

aka "Classic" kokyunage,

aka Irimi-nage,

aka Shomen irimi-nage.

Irimi sokumen

入身側面 (sideways entering)

Aka Kokyunage,

aka Kokyunage irimi,

aka Sayu-nage (左右 = "left and right"),

aka Irimi-nage,

aka Sokumen irimi-nage.

Tenchi-nage

天地投げ (heaven and earth throw)

Zempo-nage

前方投げ (forward throws)

The term is used jointly for all forward throws. A wide category includes techniques such as

Kaiten-nage (rotary throw),

Hiki-otoshi (pulling drop),

Mae-otoshi (forward drop),

Sumi-otoshi (corner drop),

Kiri-otoshi (cutting drop),

Kiri-kaeshi (cutting back),

Izori (backwards body drop) aka "Swan lake",

Tenchi-nage ura (rear heaven and earth throw),

Bōru-nage (ball throw).

Sudori

素通り

1. Flowing through without interruption, passing through without stopping by.

2. (idiomatic) Going over one's head.

(https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/素通り)

A joint name for techniques in which an attack is let pass without a physical contact.

KATAME-WAZA (2)

Immobilisations

Osae-waza 抑技 (pins)

Kansetsu-waza 関節技 (joint locks)

Shime-waza 絞技 (strangulations)

Tenkan / Tenshin

転換 "pivot" / 転身 "turn self"

Ude-osae 腕押さえ (arm pins).

Kote-mawashi 小手回し (forearm turn).

Kote-hineri 小手捻り (forearm twist).

Ude-garami 腕絡み (bent armlock).

Kaiten-osae 回転抑え (rotary pin)

aka Gyaku ude-garami 逆腕絡み (reverse bent armlock).

Ude-gatame 腕固 (arm lock).

Hiji-nobashi

肘延ばす "elbow extending"

or 肘の橋 "elbow bridge"

Nota bene

Aikido techniques draw from various earlier jujutsu styles - directly and indirectly. Among the steadily growing research on the topic, John Driscoll (2017) has written about this: https://kogenbudo.org/reflections-on-the-origin-of-ueshiba-moriheis-koshinage-the-relationship-of-daito-ryu-and-aikido-waza/.

There are numerous variations of these techniques, they have changed over time, and they are performed and understood differently in different styles and schools. The categorization here necessarily reflects the views of the author of this website.

I have chosen to use old photos of Morihei Ueshiba, because he is recognized as the founder of Aikido by all aikido schools.

The photos here predate the name Aikido. The pictures are taken at the Noma dojo in 1936 and at the Kobukan dojo for the 1938 technical manual Budo.

Some of the Noma dojo pictures have been published in Budo - Teachings of
the Founder of Aikido (ed. by John Stevens, 1991, Kodansha). Also see Guillaume Erard's (2019) article, https://www.guillaumeerard.com/aikido/articles-aikido/budo-renshu-the-technical-key-to-ueshiba-moriheis-aikido,

and Stanley Pranin's (2002) article,

https://aikidojournal.com/2002/11/18/kobukan-dojo-era-part-2/

The drawing is from Ueshiba's book Aikijujutsu Densho (1933), which was apparently used as a licensing document at the time when Ueshiba was still issuing Daito-ryu aikijujutsu certificates.

***

OTHER PRINCIPLES

Juji-garami 十字絡み ('figure ten' bent arm lock)

aka Juji-gatame 十字固 ('figure ten' arm lock).

Kokyu-dosa

呼吸動作 "breathing movement"

aka Aiki-age 合氣上げ "'aiki' lift"

aka Suwari-waza kokyu-ho 座技呼吸法 "seated breathing method"

The last page of Aikijujutsu Densho dated from 1934 (昭和 9, on "a lucky day" of April) and signed by Ueshiba Moritaka. The stamp in the right hand corner reads "aikijujutsu".

For more about the topic, see Christopher Li (s.a.) https://www.aikidosangenkai.org/blog/aikijujutsu-densho-budo-renshu-moritaka-ueshiba/, and Guillaume Erard (2019) https://www.guillaumeerard.com/aikido/articles-aikido/budo-renshu-the-technical-key-to-ueshiba-moriheis-aikido.